Friday, March 30, 2012

Where I Play Blackjack in Las Vegas, Nv and Why

Blackjack routinely offers the bottom house advantage over players as compared to all other casino games off the top. Players can enhance that possible gambling advantage supplementary by applying very exact basic strategy play and insistence on playing only those games that offer player-favorable rules. There's a plethora of contrast between game rule-sets and table conditions and these directly work on the mathematical player staggering value (Ev) which ultimately translates to enhanced winnings / minimized losses over time. Allowable game choice can absolutely cut house advantage to.5% or less for the conscientious player who employs exact basic strategy decision plays for a exact game and set of rules. Blackjack also provides one of the best venues to accrue comps for gamblers curious in playing the comp game; wise use of sure comp accrual tactics can growth real dollar value anticipation and contribute a means to keep losses to a minimum when together with the values of possible awarded comps.

It's impossible to overemphasize the point of studying basic strategy for those curious in improving the value of their blackjack experiences. It's the foundation of all efforts to beat the game for both novice and expert players. Basic strategy play is based on absolutely billions of computer simulated hands to arrive at Allowable hand play decisions regarding standing, hitting, doubling, and /or splitting pairs against a given dealer's upcard. Those players who might be curious in becoming serious students or expert blackjack players will learn that supplementary advancement in studying advantage play methods (eg card counting) is pointless without a solidly grasped knowledge of basic strategy. Memorization of exact basic strategy play is not difficult, especially for those who are curious in increasing their anticipation at the blackjack table. As a new player in the process of studying these systems, basic strategy charts (specific for exact games and rule-sets) are ready in countless books and on the internet; these are also ready at most casino gift shops and or player's clubs in Vegas. Using these at a live Vegas blackjack table is perfectly suitable and tasteless and is encouraged for novice players. With minimal time and effort at using and memorizing these basic strategy hand decision play charts, Allowable play will become second nature. Remember that there are some variations in given basic strategy play depending on the number of decks in play and the exact rules in force at a given table. There's also a "generic" basic strategy chart that is utilized to cover all games and rules; this version is not as exact as exact charts for exact games and conditions but is far excellent to those proverbial "gut" play decisions. Keep in mind that use of exquisite basic strategy play will not put players in a position to have an advantage over the house; the casinos will still have an edge over players in virtually all games except a few 3:2 payoff singular deck games (which are beyond scarce in Vegas these days).

Paris Travel Card

What are the blackjack rule sets / table conditions that enhance player expectation? I routinely play 6-deck (6D) shoe games that don't use continuous shuffle machines (Csm's) with - dollar minimum bet conditions. Keep in mind that games with higher minimums ( and up) Might have comparatively best rule sets for players than lower minimum tables; players should scope the best games out at all denomination minimums. The minimum rule sets / conditions (ultimately rendering a house edge between.25 and.42% off the top in 6D games and enthralling exact basic strategy play) that I seek out in Vegas include..

Base games = 6D shoe games, - minimums, 1 - 12 bet spread contrast (x minimums), 75% penetration, no Csm's; 2D pitch games, - minimums, 1 - 6 bet spread, 60 - 65 % penetration.

Rules Lowering House advantage / increasing Player anticipation (Ev) :

- Insist on 3 : 2 payoffs on naturals (blackjacks); adds + 2.5% Ev; players cripple their blackjack anticipation off the bat if they play tables with either 6 : 5 (there are tons of these in Vegas now, particularly 1D games) or even money payouts on naturals. One of the singular biggest errors unknowing, average players make is electing to play these games if they're implicated about value.

- Das ( doubling bets allowed after pair splits ); adds + 0.14% to player expectation. There are plentifulness of games gift this rule in Las Vegas.

- S17 (dealer stands on all soft seventeen hands, eg A, 6 etc.); adds + 0.20% Ev vs H17 games (dealer hits all soft seventeens); there are a few Vegas casinos who offer this rule, though most games are H17.

- Ls (late surrender offered; allows player to surrender hand and half their former bet with sure 2-card totals against exact dealer upcards After dealer checks for blackjack ); adds + 0.075 % Ev. There are a very petite number of games in Vegas that offer this rule, but they're locatable. Often this singular rule is not posted at tables so ask when you coming for play.

I don't play 6D blackjack games in Las Vegas unless it offers all the above rules unless there is a exact set of other rules or promotions that drives the house edge down. Obviously, the above games are few and far between and you may consider this an anal approach...I just adhere to this axiom ( you don't have to ). I agree that blackjack should be an enjoyable, "fun" experience; it's naturally neither of those for me if the house advantage off the top is insurmountable over time. I have found the above 6D rules / games with some consistency at the following Vegas casinos ( keep in mind that you may have to play - dollar minimums to collectively locate the above rules at a given table; additionally some of the properties may wish these minimum bet levels for players to even get rated for table game comps, which can potentially add significant real dollar value to player anticipation / Ev) :

- Mandalay Bay (Strip)

- Mgm Grand (Strip)

- Monte Carlo (Strip)

- Treasure Island (Strip)

- Tropicana (Strip)

- Red Rock (Off-strip)

Notice there are no Harrah's properties on the above list. Be aware that there are changes to blackjack game rules with some regularity which requires players to seek out current info just prior to a trip and then scout and confirm derived facts upon arrival. exquisite sources (modest subscription fee required) for blackjack game conditions in Vegas (and elsewhere) is Current Blackjack News (Cbjn) or Trackjack. Be advised that the above 6D games are typically easier to find and play while the day on weekdays than on more crowded weekends. When conditions are more crowded for any reason, the best games are more difficult to find and obviously more difficult to find a seat at. Further, the casinos traditionally growth table minimum bet levels as inquire increases and on evening shifts.

There are other additive rules ( in increasing to and together with S17,Das, and Ls rules) that some casinos offer that reduces their advantage and increases Ev;

-Rsa (resplitting of aces after preliminary split ); adds + 0.06 % Ev; variations are Rsa3 (resplit only once to make three hands) and/or Rsa4 (split twice to make 4 hands total). The designation Ur refers to unlimited resplits.

-D3 (player allowed to duplicate down on first three cards ); adds + 0.23% Ev.

Casinos that have recently offered S17, Das, Rsa, and Ls (all at dollar minimums or less) and house edge of.26% include;

- Mandalay Bay (Strip)

- Mgm Grand (Strip)

- Mirage (Strip)

- Monte Carlo (Strip)

- Red Rock (Off-strip)

- Treasure Island (Strip)

- Wynn (Strip)

Two "sister" off-strip casinos that offer H17, Das, D3, Ls, Rsa3, and Ur with preliminary house edges of.25% are;

-Bighorn*

-Longhorn*

* Note that the current rules at the above two locales involve H17 (dealer hits soft seventeen); the cumulative advantage gained by together with Rsa3, D3, and Ur more than offsets the H17 disadvantage (vs S17) to arrive at a playable house edge with exact basic strategy play. It should be noted that the above two off - strip casinos offer exceedingly minimal glitz and glamour (like..zero) but they do offer decent blackjack rules and very low minimums. I like them both even though I realize Bruce Willis or Britney Spears won't be there.

Other rules that can enhance player anticipation but are seldom (if ever) found in Vegas casinos are;

- Dsa (doubling after ace splits); adds + 0.10% Ev

- 21S (suited blackjack pays 2:1 ); adds + 0.56% Ev

- Bj2:1 (all naturals pay 2:1 ); adds + 2.28% Ev

- 6 (player's unbusted 6-card hand; self-operating winner even against dealer blackjack); adds + 0.10%

- Es (early surrender allowed; allows player to surrender hand and half of former bet Before dealer checks for their possible blackjack ); adds +0.63% Ev; this rule hasn't been offered for several years, beyond rare.

As mentioned earlier, more decks in play results in increased house advantage over players. singular - deck (1D) games in Vegas with uncostly rules and 3 : 2 payoffs are highly rare these days and essentially nonexistent on the strip. In times past, a player could play even or have a petite edge over the house in 1D games with 3:2 payoffs, uncostly rules, and application of basic strategy. In Las Vegas presently, most 1D games offer 6 :5 payouts on naturals; you might as well ride up the Eiffel Tower at the Paris Hotel and toss cash off the notice deck. My most current info indicates there are 4 uptown (on Fremont street) casinos that offer singular deck games with 3 : 2 payoffs;

- El Cortez

- Binion'S

- Four Queens

- Western

The 1D games at the above uptown locations are all H17 but due to use of singular decks ( though they usually only deal out about a half deck before reshuffling) the house edge for all these games is 0.18% and thus playable for a basic strategy player. As a sidenote, if any players hire any type of advantage play techniques (eg card counting, etc.) the pit and eye-in-the-sky guard crews may ask them to leave at these games (or any game, anywhere if they're not adept at camouflage / disguising play). Just be aware. The El Cortez has been referred to as The Sweaty Spaniard for years and there's a surmise why.

There are some playable two-deck (2D) games in Vegas; naturally playing a 2D game vs 6D adds.25% Ev off the top. Theoretically a player can cut some other rules as a tradeoff to arrive at a uncostly / playable house advantage range. A 2D game with base rules of S17 and Das only provides a house edge of.19%; two strip locales where these games have been offered recently are;

-Mirage*

-Luxor*

*both have minimums

Recently the following off-strip casinos offer 2D, H17,Das, and Rsa games for - minimums and a house edge of.35%;

- Arizona Charlie'S Boulder

- station Casinos (Boulder,Texas, Santa Fe, Palace, And Sunset Stations)

- Green Valley Ranch

- Red Rock

- Silver Nugget

- Wild, Wild West

Player anticipation from blackjack play can be enhanced by taking advantage of short-term promotional games / buy-in incentives, blackjack matchplay or free ace coupon plays, and by employing comp accrual tactics. Info regarding blackjack promotions may be found in casino newsletters / mailers for players club members or on Las Vegas gambling info websites. Some occasional short-term blackjack promotions consist of 2:1 payoffs for naturals, payoffs on tied blackjacks (vs dealers; usually a push), increased payoffs for remarkable blackjacks (usually 2 :1 or 3 : 1 payoffs) or exact card combinations for player 21's (eg 7-7-7 or 6-7-8). Blackjack matchplay coupons (usually 5,10,or 25$ denominations) are historically worthwhile to low-midlevel gamblers and usually valued at roughly 50% of face value for basic strategy players. Free ace coupons are also a significant coupon to collect and use; player's club 'funbooks' are ready at many casinos and can cut expenses (and thus add to Ev ) if players put these to use. These coupon and funbook sources can significantly enhance Ev particularly for low- moderate level gamblers. Palpate me for some info regarding coupon / funbook sources if interested. Additionally, accruing comps at blackjack can at times mean the contrast between winning vs losing sessions or trips depending on bankroll and wager levels. Signing up for player's clubs and casino e-mail website subscriptions is a must for being able to collect awarded comps. exact tactics to hire at the tables consist of enhanced preliminary buy-ins (buying in for more than you intend to lose or gamble with), increased wagers when pit crews or floor people are watching / recording your gambling levels while actual play, and any number of methods that slow down the speed of the game and thus the number of hands / wagers per hour. Additionally, it's suggested that players found a connection with a exact table host at exact casinos where they select to play; often it's good to settle on a host of the opposite gender in my opinion. At some casinos (usually not at Harrah's properties), floor reps and pit bosses can award meal comps for table play. Developing a friendly, "ask-for" connection with blackjack pit personnel and previously mentioned hosts can go a long way toward improving real-dollar value of player anticipation when playing. Some of these casino staff members are people, too.

Any argument of blackjack should at least address bankroll administration elements. Play with money that won't work on your daily life if you lose it. Staying too long at any table to recoup losses is both tasteless and foolhardy. I seldom stay at a given table beyond 1 hour for several reasons; this time is extended only when experiencing a particularly good winning session or other leading factors. There is a plethora of info regarding what's known as Risk of Ruin (Ror) charts which figure betting ramps and bet levels with a defined beginning bankroll. Some of these aspects are quite detailed and are usually restricted to use by serious, expert players. If players are curious in becoming a serious learner of the game, there's a huge number of pertinent info on the web and within the pages of many books. Avail yourself of this info and over time you will be able to espy the credible info sources (there's some misleading and inaccurate info out there, of course). For those interested, Palpate me and I'll contribute a decent info starter list.

The present economic downturn Las Vegas is enduring has resulted in a general trend of lower table minimums to a noticeable degree in several casinos. We could surmise that, in order to attract more patronage, the gaming entities might offer more short-term promotional games with player - favorable rule sets in increasing to these observed lower table minimums. We'll see.

Cheers..

Charles Higgins

Where I Play Blackjack in Las Vegas, Nv and Why

Blackjack routinely offers the bottom house advantage over players as compared to all other casino games off the top. Players can enhance that possible gambling advantage supplementary by applying very exact basic strategy play and insistence on playing only those games that offer player-favorable rules. There's a plethora of contrast between game rule-sets and table conditions and these directly work on the mathematical player staggering value (Ev) which ultimately translates to enhanced winnings / minimized losses over time. Allowable game choice can absolutely cut house advantage to.5% or less for the conscientious player who employs exact basic strategy decision plays for a exact game and set of rules. Blackjack also provides one of the best venues to accrue comps for gamblers curious in playing the comp game; wise use of sure comp accrual tactics can growth real dollar value anticipation and contribute a means to keep losses to a minimum when together with the values of possible awarded comps.

It's impossible to overemphasize the point of studying basic strategy for those curious in improving the value of their blackjack experiences. It's the foundation of all efforts to beat the game for both novice and expert players. Basic strategy play is based on absolutely billions of computer simulated hands to arrive at Allowable hand play decisions regarding standing, hitting, doubling, and /or splitting pairs against a given dealer's upcard. Those players who might be curious in becoming serious students or expert blackjack players will learn that supplementary advancement in studying advantage play methods (eg card counting) is pointless without a solidly grasped knowledge of basic strategy. Memorization of exact basic strategy play is not difficult, especially for those who are curious in increasing their anticipation at the blackjack table. As a new player in the process of studying these systems, basic strategy charts (specific for exact games and rule-sets) are ready in countless books and on the internet; these are also ready at most casino gift shops and or player's clubs in Vegas. Using these at a live Vegas blackjack table is perfectly suitable and tasteless and is encouraged for novice players. With minimal time and effort at using and memorizing these basic strategy hand decision play charts, Allowable play will become second nature. Remember that there are some variations in given basic strategy play depending on the number of decks in play and the exact rules in force at a given table. There's also a "generic" basic strategy chart that is utilized to cover all games and rules; this version is not as exact as exact charts for exact games and conditions but is far excellent to those proverbial "gut" play decisions. Keep in mind that use of exquisite basic strategy play will not put players in a position to have an advantage over the house; the casinos will still have an edge over players in virtually all games except a few 3:2 payoff singular deck games (which are beyond scarce in Vegas these days).

Paris Travel Card

What are the blackjack rule sets / table conditions that enhance player expectation? I routinely play 6-deck (6D) shoe games that don't use continuous shuffle machines (Csm's) with - dollar minimum bet conditions. Keep in mind that games with higher minimums ( and up) Might have comparatively best rule sets for players than lower minimum tables; players should scope the best games out at all denomination minimums. The minimum rule sets / conditions (ultimately rendering a house edge between.25 and.42% off the top in 6D games and enthralling exact basic strategy play) that I seek out in Vegas include..

Base games = 6D shoe games, - minimums, 1 - 12 bet spread contrast (x minimums), 75% penetration, no Csm's; 2D pitch games, - minimums, 1 - 6 bet spread, 60 - 65 % penetration.

Rules Lowering House advantage / increasing Player anticipation (Ev) :

- Insist on 3 : 2 payoffs on naturals (blackjacks); adds + 2.5% Ev; players cripple their blackjack anticipation off the bat if they play tables with either 6 : 5 (there are tons of these in Vegas now, particularly 1D games) or even money payouts on naturals. One of the singular biggest errors unknowing, average players make is electing to play these games if they're implicated about value.

- Das ( doubling bets allowed after pair splits ); adds + 0.14% to player expectation. There are plentifulness of games gift this rule in Las Vegas.

- S17 (dealer stands on all soft seventeen hands, eg A, 6 etc.); adds + 0.20% Ev vs H17 games (dealer hits all soft seventeens); there are a few Vegas casinos who offer this rule, though most games are H17.

- Ls (late surrender offered; allows player to surrender hand and half their former bet with sure 2-card totals against exact dealer upcards After dealer checks for blackjack ); adds + 0.075 % Ev. There are a very petite number of games in Vegas that offer this rule, but they're locatable. Often this singular rule is not posted at tables so ask when you coming for play.

I don't play 6D blackjack games in Las Vegas unless it offers all the above rules unless there is a exact set of other rules or promotions that drives the house edge down. Obviously, the above games are few and far between and you may consider this an anal approach...I just adhere to this axiom ( you don't have to ). I agree that blackjack should be an enjoyable, "fun" experience; it's naturally neither of those for me if the house advantage off the top is insurmountable over time. I have found the above 6D rules / games with some consistency at the following Vegas casinos ( keep in mind that you may have to play - dollar minimums to collectively locate the above rules at a given table; additionally some of the properties may wish these minimum bet levels for players to even get rated for table game comps, which can potentially add significant real dollar value to player anticipation / Ev) :

- Mandalay Bay (Strip)

- Mgm Grand (Strip)

- Monte Carlo (Strip)

- Treasure Island (Strip)

- Tropicana (Strip)

- Red Rock (Off-strip)

Notice there are no Harrah's properties on the above list. Be aware that there are changes to blackjack game rules with some regularity which requires players to seek out current info just prior to a trip and then scout and confirm derived facts upon arrival. exquisite sources (modest subscription fee required) for blackjack game conditions in Vegas (and elsewhere) is Current Blackjack News (Cbjn) or Trackjack. Be advised that the above 6D games are typically easier to find and play while the day on weekdays than on more crowded weekends. When conditions are more crowded for any reason, the best games are more difficult to find and obviously more difficult to find a seat at. Further, the casinos traditionally growth table minimum bet levels as inquire increases and on evening shifts.

There are other additive rules ( in increasing to and together with S17,Das, and Ls rules) that some casinos offer that reduces their advantage and increases Ev;

-Rsa (resplitting of aces after preliminary split ); adds + 0.06 % Ev; variations are Rsa3 (resplit only once to make three hands) and/or Rsa4 (split twice to make 4 hands total). The designation Ur refers to unlimited resplits.

-D3 (player allowed to duplicate down on first three cards ); adds + 0.23% Ev.

Casinos that have recently offered S17, Das, Rsa, and Ls (all at dollar minimums or less) and house edge of.26% include;

- Mandalay Bay (Strip)

- Mgm Grand (Strip)

- Mirage (Strip)

- Monte Carlo (Strip)

- Red Rock (Off-strip)

- Treasure Island (Strip)

- Wynn (Strip)

Two "sister" off-strip casinos that offer H17, Das, D3, Ls, Rsa3, and Ur with preliminary house edges of.25% are;

-Bighorn*

-Longhorn*

* Note that the current rules at the above two locales involve H17 (dealer hits soft seventeen); the cumulative advantage gained by together with Rsa3, D3, and Ur more than offsets the H17 disadvantage (vs S17) to arrive at a playable house edge with exact basic strategy play. It should be noted that the above two off - strip casinos offer exceedingly minimal glitz and glamour (like..zero) but they do offer decent blackjack rules and very low minimums. I like them both even though I realize Bruce Willis or Britney Spears won't be there.

Other rules that can enhance player anticipation but are seldom (if ever) found in Vegas casinos are;

- Dsa (doubling after ace splits); adds + 0.10% Ev

- 21S (suited blackjack pays 2:1 ); adds + 0.56% Ev

- Bj2:1 (all naturals pay 2:1 ); adds + 2.28% Ev

- 6 (player's unbusted 6-card hand; self-operating winner even against dealer blackjack); adds + 0.10%

- Es (early surrender allowed; allows player to surrender hand and half of former bet Before dealer checks for their possible blackjack ); adds +0.63% Ev; this rule hasn't been offered for several years, beyond rare.

As mentioned earlier, more decks in play results in increased house advantage over players. singular - deck (1D) games in Vegas with uncostly rules and 3 : 2 payoffs are highly rare these days and essentially nonexistent on the strip. In times past, a player could play even or have a petite edge over the house in 1D games with 3:2 payoffs, uncostly rules, and application of basic strategy. In Las Vegas presently, most 1D games offer 6 :5 payouts on naturals; you might as well ride up the Eiffel Tower at the Paris Hotel and toss cash off the notice deck. My most current info indicates there are 4 uptown (on Fremont street) casinos that offer singular deck games with 3 : 2 payoffs;

- El Cortez

- Binion'S

- Four Queens

- Western

The 1D games at the above uptown locations are all H17 but due to use of singular decks ( though they usually only deal out about a half deck before reshuffling) the house edge for all these games is 0.18% and thus playable for a basic strategy player. As a sidenote, if any players hire any type of advantage play techniques (eg card counting, etc.) the pit and eye-in-the-sky guard crews may ask them to leave at these games (or any game, anywhere if they're not adept at camouflage / disguising play). Just be aware. The El Cortez has been referred to as The Sweaty Spaniard for years and there's a surmise why.

There are some playable two-deck (2D) games in Vegas; naturally playing a 2D game vs 6D adds.25% Ev off the top. Theoretically a player can cut some other rules as a tradeoff to arrive at a uncostly / playable house advantage range. A 2D game with base rules of S17 and Das only provides a house edge of.19%; two strip locales where these games have been offered recently are;

-Mirage*

-Luxor*

*both have minimums

Recently the following off-strip casinos offer 2D, H17,Das, and Rsa games for - minimums and a house edge of.35%;

- Arizona Charlie'S Boulder

- station Casinos (Boulder,Texas, Santa Fe, Palace, And Sunset Stations)

- Green Valley Ranch

- Red Rock

- Silver Nugget

- Wild, Wild West

Player anticipation from blackjack play can be enhanced by taking advantage of short-term promotional games / buy-in incentives, blackjack matchplay or free ace coupon plays, and by employing comp accrual tactics. Info regarding blackjack promotions may be found in casino newsletters / mailers for players club members or on Las Vegas gambling info websites. Some occasional short-term blackjack promotions consist of 2:1 payoffs for naturals, payoffs on tied blackjacks (vs dealers; usually a push), increased payoffs for remarkable blackjacks (usually 2 :1 or 3 : 1 payoffs) or exact card combinations for player 21's (eg 7-7-7 or 6-7-8). Blackjack matchplay coupons (usually 5,10,or 25$ denominations) are historically worthwhile to low-midlevel gamblers and usually valued at roughly 50% of face value for basic strategy players. Free ace coupons are also a significant coupon to collect and use; player's club 'funbooks' are ready at many casinos and can cut expenses (and thus add to Ev ) if players put these to use. These coupon and funbook sources can significantly enhance Ev particularly for low- moderate level gamblers. Palpate me for some info regarding coupon / funbook sources if interested. Additionally, accruing comps at blackjack can at times mean the contrast between winning vs losing sessions or trips depending on bankroll and wager levels. Signing up for player's clubs and casino e-mail website subscriptions is a must for being able to collect awarded comps. exact tactics to hire at the tables consist of enhanced preliminary buy-ins (buying in for more than you intend to lose or gamble with), increased wagers when pit crews or floor people are watching / recording your gambling levels while actual play, and any number of methods that slow down the speed of the game and thus the number of hands / wagers per hour. Additionally, it's suggested that players found a connection with a exact table host at exact casinos where they select to play; often it's good to settle on a host of the opposite gender in my opinion. At some casinos (usually not at Harrah's properties), floor reps and pit bosses can award meal comps for table play. Developing a friendly, "ask-for" connection with blackjack pit personnel and previously mentioned hosts can go a long way toward improving real-dollar value of player anticipation when playing. Some of these casino staff members are people, too.

Any argument of blackjack should at least address bankroll administration elements. Play with money that won't work on your daily life if you lose it. Staying too long at any table to recoup losses is both tasteless and foolhardy. I seldom stay at a given table beyond 1 hour for several reasons; this time is extended only when experiencing a particularly good winning session or other leading factors. There is a plethora of info regarding what's known as Risk of Ruin (Ror) charts which figure betting ramps and bet levels with a defined beginning bankroll. Some of these aspects are quite detailed and are usually restricted to use by serious, expert players. If players are curious in becoming a serious learner of the game, there's a huge number of pertinent info on the web and within the pages of many books. Avail yourself of this info and over time you will be able to espy the credible info sources (there's some misleading and inaccurate info out there, of course). For those interested, Palpate me and I'll contribute a decent info starter list.

The present economic downturn Las Vegas is enduring has resulted in a general trend of lower table minimums to a noticeable degree in several casinos. We could surmise that, in order to attract more patronage, the gaming entities might offer more short-term promotional games with player - favorable rule sets in increasing to these observed lower table minimums. We'll see.

Cheers..

Charles Higgins

Where I Play Blackjack in Las Vegas, Nv and Why

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